2017年10月29日 星期日

2017.10.29 托福TOEFL綜合寫作機經真題解析與範文



2017.10.29 托福TOEFL綜合寫作機經真題解析與範文


今天的綜合寫作命中字神托福真經班大範圍第三題哦:
富蘭克林的水手死於鉛中毒。(B本P6)

閱讀主要觀點提取
總論點:研究表明高濃度的鉛導致了遠征北極的海軍中毒而死亡。一些人認為是他們食用了含鉛的罐裝食品。然而,作者對著一觀點進行了反駁。
理由一:並沒有大量的鉛進入到食物中。在19世紀,人們用融化的鉛來密封食品罐。人們是從罐的外部來密封蓋子的,所以,鉛接觸罐內食物的可能性是非常小的。
理由二:沒有出現其他同樣的案例。許多其他的英國船隊也使用鉛來密封罐裝食品。但是,他們都沒有鉛中毒的情況。
理由三:可能是水手們和了含鉛的水。富蘭克林的船隻都有一套特殊的淨水系統,來過濾出可以喝的淡水。然而,淨水系統的水管是用鉛製成的。

聽力主要觀點提取
總論點:探險隊員鉛中毒的源頭就是罐裝食品。
解釋一:成產罐裝食品的工人們以一種非常草率的方式來密封蓋子。事實上,工人們並沒有足夠的時間去生產罐裝食品。因為時間緊急的原因,工人們在密封的時候並不是非常細心,導致了鉛本沒有在蓋子的外面,而是流進了罐內的食物裡。
解釋二:之所以沒有任何關於其他英國船隊鉛中毒的報導,是因為他們沒有檢查自己是否鉛中毒。沒有經過專業的檢查,鉛中毒是很難被發現的。輕度鉛中毒的症狀包含疲勞和頭疼,但這兩點是很常見的,所以很多人會忽視這些症狀。
解釋三:用淨水系統淨化出來的淡水是供引擎使用的,而不是給水手們飲用的。船上的引擎是蒸汽引擎,因此必須要使用淡水。同時,在船上,他們有另外的飲用水供應。

範文
The reading states that the lead in canned food cause the crew poisoning. On the contrary, the professor thinks that the arguments in reading aren't convincing.
Firstly, the author mentions that lead didn't get into food because melted lead was carefully applied to cans from the outside to seal the lids in place. However, the speaker says that the cans on ships show the melted lead didn't stay on the outside as it was supposed to. In fact, the workers in food company didn't have enough time to seal the lids carefully. So, the melted lead ran down the inside of the cans, contaminating the food.
Additionally, the writer demonstrates that there are no other cases about lead poisoning reported. As a matter of fact, the speaker indicates that sailors on the other ships didn't test for lead poisoning but lead poisoning is difficult to detect without specific tests. The reason is symptoms of mild lead poisoning include tiredness and headaches, which are very common. Therefore, other sailors might overlook the signs and couldn't recognize the problems.
Finally, the speaker contradicts the idea in reading by suggesting that the main purpose of the water purification systems was to provide freshwater for the ships engines instead of drinking or cooking. It is because those engines were steam engines and they must use freshwater. Moreover, there are separate supplies of freshwater on board for drinking and cooking. 

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