【2018.01.06 上午場 托福TOEFL綜合寫作解析和範文】

【2018.01.06 上午場 托福TOEFL綜合寫作解析和範文】

［今天的題目：重複2015-07-04真題］

閱讀主要觀點提取

總論點：蘇格蘭石頭建築brochs的用途是個謎，作者用了三個理論嘗試解釋蘇格蘭人修建brochs的目的。

分論點一：防禦功能。brochs有的牆很厚很高，當有敵人入侵的時候，村民可以躲在brochs裡面直到敵人離開。

分論點二：存儲糧食的功能。蘇格蘭人的穀物豐收，所以他們修建了brochs來存儲剩餘的糧食。

分論點三：是領導居住的地方。brochs裡面有很多貴重的物品，所以有可能是身份尊貴的人居住的時候留下的。

聽力主要觀點提取

總論點：閱讀的每個解釋都有問題。

分論點一：brochs沒有窗戶就使它喪失了防禦的功能。因為只有當一個建築有窗戶的時候，防禦的人才能射箭，使得入侵者無法靠近這個建築，他們就無法翻越城牆或者防火燒城牆。

分論點二：brochs裡有大的水箱和火堆的地方，使得它不可能用來存儲糧食。第一，有水箱，空氣中就會有水分，穀物遇水就容易腐爛；第二，有火堆的地方不能存放穀物。因為穀物裡的灰塵遇火容易爆炸。

分論點三：brochs所處的位置也不太可能是領導居住的處所。第一，有些brochs地處偏遠的地方，領導不會遠離他統治的人群；第二，有些地方有好幾個brochs聚集在一起，而同一個地區不可能有多個領袖。 

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【經典範文】

Although the reading proposes three theories to explain the use of Scotland brochs, the listening believes that the brochs' purpose remains mysterious and each of the theories suggested by the author is problematic.

Primarily, in contradiction to the passage's argument, the lecture contends that brochs are not built for defensive purpose. The major problem is that brochs have no windows whereas most forts have small windows. Windows play an important role in letting the defenders to shoot arrows and thus keeping the attackers at certain distance so that they cannot come close to the structure. Without windows, attackers could easily set brochs on fire or break down its doors.

Further, the professor denies the author's theory of grain storage as well. First, there are large water tanks in brochs, which would release moisture into the air and cause grain to rot. Second, some brochs also contain fireplaces. Dust from the grain could catch fire and cause explosion if these fireplaces had been placed near grain storage.

Finally, while the reading says that brochs could be homes for chieftains, the listening points out that their locations indicate that it is unlikely. In ancient cultures, it is typical for a leader with one large home to live near many other smaller homes in which everyone else live. However, it is found that some brochs are totally isolated or that many of them group together. It is impossible for leaders to live alone far away from villagers or many leaders live together.

【1.06托福快報~!!!】
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